Ser59

Site Information
PSFLRAPsWIDTGLS SwissProt Entrez-Gene
Blast this site against: NCBI SwissProt PDB
Site Group ID: 448783

In vivo Characterization
Methods used to characterize site in vivo:	[32P] bio-synthetic labeling ( 17 ) , mass spectrometry ( 9 , 12 , 17 ) , mutation of modification site ( 1 , 10 , 11 , 13 ) , phospho-antibody ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 16 ) , phosphopeptide mapping ( 17 ) , western blotting ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 16 )
Disease tissue studied:	diabetes mellitus ( 7 )
Relevant cell line - cell type - tissue:	'kidney, inner medulla' ( 12 ) , 'muscle, skeletal' ( 14 ) , 'neuron, hippocampal, CA1 pyramidal'-brain ( 1 ) , adipose tissue ( 9 ) , cardiac-heart ( 10 ) , chondrocyte ( 3 ) , heart ( 4 , 9 , 15 , 16 ) , lens ( 17 ) , muscle ( 9 ) , myocyte-heart ( 6 , 11 , 13 ) , neuron-'brain, hippocampus' ( 1 ) , retina ( 8 ) , retinal-retina ( 2 , 5 , 7 ) , stomach ( 9 )

Upstream Regulation
Treatments:	cold cardioplegia followed by reperfusion ( 10 ) , A23187 ( 17 ) , anisomycin ( 16 ) , bisindolylmaleimide ( 15 , 16 ) , diabetes ( 4 , 5 ) , DRB ( 3 ) , genistein ( 15 , 16 ) , H2O2 ( 15 , 17 ) , injury ( 2 ) , ischemia ( 16 ) , ischemia/reperfusion ( 8 ) , muscle atrophy ( 14 ) , nerve_damage ( 14 ) , PD98059 ( 15 , 16 ) , phenylephrine ( 16 ) , phorbol_ester ( 16 ) , SB203580 ( 10 , 15 , 16 ) , staurosporine ( 15 ) , TBB ( 3 ) , triciribine ( 3 )

Upstream Regulation

Treatments:

cold cardioplegia followed by reperfusion ( 10 ) , A23187 ( 17 ) , anisomycin ( 16 ) , bisindolylmaleimide ( 15 , 16 ) , diabetes ( 4 , 5 ) , DRB ( 3 ) , genistein ( 15 , 16 ) , H2O2 ( 15 , 17 ) , injury ( 2 ) , ischemia ( 16 ) , ischemia/reperfusion ( 8 ) , muscle atrophy ( 14 ) , nerve_damage ( 14 ) , PD98059 ( 15 , 16 ) , phenylephrine ( 16 ) , phorbol_ester ( 16 ) , SB203580 ( 10 , 15 , 16 ) , staurosporine ( 15 ) , TBB ( 3 ) , triciribine ( 3 )

Downstream Regulation
Effects of modification on CRYAB:	activity, inhibited ( 11 ) , intracellular localization ( 5 , 11 ) , phosphorylation ( 8 ) , protein degradation ( 1 )
Effects of modification on biological processes:	apoptosis, altered ( 13 ) , cytoskeletal reorganization ( 1 ) , signaling pathway regulation ( 5 )

Disease / Diagnostics Relevance
Relevant diseases:	diabetes mellitus ( 7 )

References
1	Bartelt-Kirbach B, et al. (2020) HspB5/αB-crystallin phosphorylation at S45 and S59 is essential for protection of the dendritic tree of rat hippocampal neurons. J Neurochem 33220080 Curated Info
2	Schmidt T, et al. (2016) Induction and phosphorylation of the small heat shock proteins HspB1/Hsp25 and HspB5/αB-crystallin in the rat retina upon optic nerve injury. Cell Stress Chaperones 21, 167-78 26475352 Curated Info
3	Lee SW, et al. (2016) Alpha B-Crystallin Protects Rat Articular Chondrocytes against Casein Kinase II Inhibition-Induced Apoptosis. PLoS One 11, e0166450 27851782 Curated Info
4	Reddy VS, Kumar ChU, Raghu G, Reddy GB (2014) Expression and induction of small heat shock proteins in rat heart under chronic hyperglycemic conditions. Arch Biochem Biophys 558, 1-9 24950024 Curated Info
5	Reddy VS, et al. (2013) Response of small heat shock proteins in diabetic rat retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54, 7674-82 24159092 Curated Info
6	Krishnamoorthy V, Donofrio AJ, Martin JL (2013) O-GlcNAcylation of αB-crystallin regulates its stress-induced translocation and cytoprotection. Mol Cell Biochem 379, 59-68 23543138 Curated Info
7	Heise EA, et al. (2013) Strain-independent increases of crystallin proteins in the retina of type 1 diabetic rats. PLoS One 8, e82520 24349305 Curated Info
8	Hong SM, Yang YS (2012) A Potential Role of Crystallin in the Vitreous Bodies of Rats after Ischemia-reperfusion Injury. Korean J Ophthalmol 26, 248-54 22870022 Curated Info
9	Lundby A, et al. (2012) Quantitative maps of protein phosphorylation sites across 14 different rat organs and tissues. Nat Commun 3, 876 22673903 Curated Info
10	Clements RT, et al. (2011) p38 MAPK-dependent small HSP27 and αB-crystallin phosphorylation in regulation of myocardial function following cardioplegic arrest. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 300, H1669-77 21357508 Curated Info
11	Jin JK, et al. (2008) Localization of phosphorylated {alpha}B-crystallin to heart mitochondria during ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 294, H337-44 17993600 Curated Info
12	Hoffert JD, et al. (2006) Quantitative phosphoproteomics of vasopressin-sensitive renal cells: regulation of aquaporin-2 phosphorylation at two sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103, 7159-64 16641100 Curated Info
13	Morrison LE, Hoover HE, Thuerauf DJ, Glembotski CC (2003) Mimicking phosphorylation of alphaB-crystallin on serine-59 is necessary and sufficient to provide maximal protection of cardiac myocytes from apoptosis. Circ Res 92, 203-11 12574148 Curated Info
14	Kato K, et al. (2002) Innervation-dependent phosphorylation and accumulation of alphaB-crystallin and Hsp27 as insoluble complexes in disused muscle. FASEB J 16, 1432-4 12205038 Curated Info
15	Eaton P, Fuller W, Shattock MJ (2002) S-thiolation of HSP27 regulates its multimeric aggregate size independently of phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 277, 21189-96 11925435 Curated Info
16	Eaton P, Fuller W, Bell JR, Shattock MJ (2001) AlphaB crystallin translocation and phosphorylation: signal transduction pathways and preconditioning in the isolated rat heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 33, 1659-71 11549345 Curated Info
17	Wang K, Gawinowicz MA, Spector A (2000) The effect of stress on the pattern of phosphorylation of alphaA and alphaB crystallin in the rat lens. Exp Eye Res 71, 385-93 10995559 Curated Info