Thr41

Site Information
GIHsGATtTAPsLsG SwissProt Entrez-Gene
Blast this site against: NCBI SwissProt PDB
Site Group ID: 447583

In vivo Characterization
Methods used to characterize site in vivo:	immunoassay ( 5 , 9 ) , immunoprecipitation ( 7 , 8 , 22 ) , mutation of modification site ( 1 , 5 , 8 , 22 ) , phospho-antibody ( 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ) , western blotting ( 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 )
Disease tissue studied:	brain cancer ( 2 ) , glioblastoma ( 2 ) , glioblastoma multiforme ( 2 ) , glioma ( 2 ) , leukemia ( 11 ) , acute myelogenous leukemia ( 11 ) , liver cancer ( 4 ) , hepatocellular carcinoma ( 4 ) , neuroblastoma ( 22 )
Relevant cell line - cell type - tissue:	'brain, striatum' ( 20 ) , 'neuron, cortical'-brain ( 13 ) , 'neuron, hippocampal'-brain ( 13 ) , 293 (epithelial) ( 21 ) , 3T3 (fibroblast) ( 8 ) , BEL7402 (hepatic) ( 4 ) , brain ( 15 ) , brain [CDK5R1 (mouse)] ( 15 ) , E14tg2a ('stem, embryonic') ( 19 ) , endothelial ( 5 ) , epithelial [PIK3R1 (mouse), homozygous knockout] ( 12 ) , fibroblast-lung ( 1 ) , heart ( 1 ) , HEK293T (epithelial) ( 14 ) , Huh7 (hepatic) ( 4 ) , intestine [CK1A (mouse), homozygous knockout] ( 10 ) , kidney ( 1 ) , L929 (fibroblast) ( 17 , 18 ) , liver ( 1 ) , LN18 (glial) ( 2 ) , MC3T3-E1 (preosteoblast) ( 9 ) , Neuro-2a (neuron) ( 22 ) , SMMC7721 (hepatocyte) ( 4 ) , spleen ( 1 ) , stem ( 11 ) , T98G (glial) ( 2 ) , uterus ( 16 )

Upstream Regulation
Regulatory protein:	CDK5R1 (mouse) ( 15 ) , CEACAM1 (mouse) ( 7 ) , CK1A (mouse) ( 10 ) , CTNNB1 (mouse) ( 17 ) , DISC1 (human) ( 13 ) , DISC1 (mouse) ( 13 ) , HRas (mouse) ( 8 ) , Huntingtin (mouse) ( 20 ) , KRas (mouse) ( 8 ) , PIK3R1 (mouse) ( 12 ) , PKD1 (mouse) ( 9 ) , ZBED3 (mouse) ( 14 )
Putative in vivo kinases:	CK1E (human) ( 21 ) , GSK3B (human) ( 14 , 22 )
Kinases, in vitro:	CK1E (human) ( 21 )
Putative upstream phosphatases:	ACP5 (human) ( 1 )
Treatments:	A23187 ( 9 ) , AubipyOMe ( 1 ) , bleomycin ( 1 ) , differentiation ( 16 ) , HGF ( 5 ) , LIF ( 19 ) , lithium ( 9 ) , LLnL ( 22 ) , lncRNAs ( 4 ) , LY294002 ( 19 ) , mechanical strain ( 9 ) , MG132 ( 17 ) , miRNA ( 4 ) , NSC-87877 ( 7 ) , pyrvinium pamoate ( 2 ) , QLT0267 ( 18 ) , siRNA ( 1 , 13 ) , Wnt3a ( 18 )

Downstream Regulation
Effects of modification on CTNNB1:	intracellular localization ( 9 ) , protein degradation ( 1 , 2 , 22 ) , ubiquitination ( 22 )
Effects of modification on biological processes:	carcinogenesis, inhibited ( 2 ) , cell differentiation, inhibited ( 1 ) , cell growth, inhibited ( 1 ) , cell motility, inhibited ( 1 ) , signaling pathway regulation ( 9 )

Disease / Diagnostics Relevance
Relevant diseases:	acute myelogenous leukemia ( 11 )

References
1	Hu Y, et al. (2022) Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 promotes pulmonary fibrosis by modulating β-catenin signaling. Nat Commun 13, 114 35013220 Curated Info
2	Li H, et al. (2021) Pyrvinium pamoate regulates MGMT expression through suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to enhance the glioblastoma sensitivity to temozolomide. Cell Death Discov 7, 288 34642308 Curated Info
3	Hou J, et al. (2020) DACT2 regulates structural and electrical atrial remodeling in atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Dis 32642106 Curated Info
4	Huang P, et al. (2020) HBx/ER¿¿ complex-mediated LINC01352 downregulation promotes HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma via the miR-135b-APC axis. Oncogene 32157216 Curated Info
5	Huang M, et al. (2020) Wnt-mediated endothelial transformation into mesenchymal stem cell-like cells induces chemoresistance in glioblastoma. Sci Transl Med 12 32102932 Curated Info
6	Aloysius A, DasGupta R, Dhawan J (2018) The transcription factor Lef1 switches partners from β-catenin to Smad3 during muscle stem cell quiescence. Sci Signal 11 30042129 Curated Info
7	Wegwitz F, et al. (2016) CEACAM1 controls the EMT switch in murine mammary carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 7, 63730-63746 27572314 Curated Info
8	Wang MT, et al. (2015) K-Ras Promotes Tumorigenicity through Suppression of Non-canonical Wnt Signaling. Cell 163, 1237-51 26590425 Curated Info
9	Wang H, et al. (2014) Polycystin-1 mediates mechanical strain-induced osteoblastic mechanoresponses via potentiation of intracellular calcium and Akt/β-catenin pathway. PLoS One 9, e91730 24618832 Curated Info
10	Elyada E, et al. (2011) CKIα ablation highlights a critical role for p53 in invasiveness control. Nature 470, 409-13 21331045 Curated Info
11	Yeung J, et al. (2010) β-Catenin mediates the establishment and drug resistance of MLL leukemic stem cells. Cancer Cell 18, 606-18 21156284 Curated Info
12	Lee G, et al. (2010) Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling mediates beta-catenin activation in intestinal epithelial stem and progenitor cells in colitis. Gastroenterology 139, 869-81, 881.e1-9 20580720 Curated Info
13	Mao Y, et al. (2009) Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 regulates neuronal progenitor proliferation via modulation of GSK3beta/beta-catenin signaling. Cell 136, 1017-31 19303846 Curated Info
14	Chen T, et al. (2009) Identification of Zinc-finger BED Domain-containing 3 (Zbed3) as a Novel Axin-interacting Protein That Activates Wnt/{beta}-Catenin Signaling. J Biol Chem 284, 6683-9 19141611 Curated Info
15	Wen Y, et al. (2008) Interplay between cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta mediated by neuregulin signaling leads to differential effects on tau phosphorylation and amyloid precursor protein processing. J Neurosci 28, 2624-32 18322105 Curated Info
16	Herington JL, Bi J, Martin JD, Bany BM (2007) Beta-catenin (CTNNB1) in the mouse uterus during decidualization and the potential role of two pathways in regulating its degradation. J Histochem Cytochem 55, 963-74 17533218 Curated Info
17	Abe K, Takeichi M (2007) NMDA-receptor activation induces calpain-mediated beta-catenin cleavages for triggering gene expression. Neuron 53, 387-97 17270735 Curated Info
18	Oloumi A, Syam S, Dedhar S (2006) Modulation of Wnt3a-mediated nuclear beta-catenin accumulation and activation by integrin-linked kinase in mammalian cells. Oncogene 25, 7747-57 16799642 Curated Info
19	Paling NR, Wheadon H, Bone HK, Welham MJ (2004) Regulation of embryonic stem cell self-renewal by phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent signaling. J Biol Chem 279, 48063-70 15328362 Curated Info
20	Gines S, et al. (2003) Enhanced Akt signaling is an early pro-survival response that reflects N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation in Huntington's disease knock-in striatal cells. J Biol Chem 278, 50514-22 14522959 Curated Info
21	Sakanaka C (2002) Phosphorylation and regulation of beta-catenin by casein kinase I epsilon. J Biochem (Tokyo) 132, 697-703 12417018 Curated Info
22	Aberle H, et al. (1997) beta-catenin is a target for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. EMBO J 16, 3797-804 9233789 Curated Info