Ser389

Site Information
ARIQAAAsPPANAtA SwissProt Entrez-Gene
Blast this site against: NCBI SwissProt PDB
Site Group ID: 454221

In vivo Characterization
Methods used to characterize site in vivo:	immunoprecipitation ( 4 , 5 , 10 ) , mass spectrometry ( 1 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 ) , mass spectrometry (in vitro) ( 10 ) , multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) ( 4 ) , mutation of modification site ( 2 , 5 , 10 ) , phospho-antibody ( 2 , 4 , 5 , 10 ) , western blotting ( 2 , 4 , 5 , 10 )
Relevant cell line - cell type - tissue:	'3T3-L1, differentiated' (adipocyte) ( 5 ) , 'brain, cerebellum' ( 1 , 11 ) , 'brain, cerebral cortex' ( 11 , 12 ) , 'brain, hippocampus, dentate gyrus' ( 11 ) , 'brain, midbrain' ( 11 ) , 'heart, ventricle' ( 2 ) , B lymphocyte ( 4 ) , brain ( 8 , 9 , 10 , 13 ) , ES (stem) ( 10 ) , HEK293T (epithelial) ( 5 , 10 ) , HL-1 (myocyte) [Akt1 (mouse), knockdown, stable lentiviral expression of Akt1 shRNA] ( 6 ) , HL-1 (myocyte) [Akt2 (mouse), knockdown, stable lentiviral expression of Akt2 shRNA] ( 6 ) , HL-1 (myocyte) ( 6 ) , kidney ( 10 ) , macrophage-peritoneum ( 7 ) , MEF (fibroblast) ( 10 ) , myocardium ( 2 ) , spleen ( 10 ) , thymocyte ( 4 , 10 )

In vivo Characterization

Methods used to characterize site in vivo:

immunoprecipitation ( 4 , 5 , 10 ) , mass spectrometry ( 1 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 ) , mass spectrometry (in vitro) ( 10 ) , multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) ( 4 ) , mutation of modification site ( 2 , 5 , 10 ) , phospho-antibody ( 2 , 4 , 5 , 10 ) , western blotting ( 2 , 4 , 5 , 10 )

Relevant cell line - cell type - tissue:

'3T3-L1, differentiated' (adipocyte) ( 5 ) , 'brain, cerebellum' ( 1 , 11 ) , 'brain, cerebral cortex' ( 11 , 12 ) , 'brain, hippocampus, dentate gyrus' ( 11 ) , 'brain, midbrain' ( 11 ) , 'heart, ventricle' ( 2 ) , B lymphocyte ( 4 ) , brain ( 8 , 9 , 10 , 13 ) , ES (stem) ( 10 ) , HEK293T (epithelial) ( 5 , 10 ) , HL-1 (myocyte) [Akt1 (mouse), knockdown, stable lentiviral expression of Akt1 shRNA] ( 6 ) , HL-1 (myocyte) [Akt2 (mouse), knockdown, stable lentiviral expression of Akt2 shRNA] ( 6 ) , HL-1 (myocyte) ( 6 ) , kidney ( 10 ) , macrophage-peritoneum ( 7 ) , MEF (fibroblast) ( 10 ) , myocardium ( 2 ) , spleen ( 10 ) , thymocyte ( 4 , 10 )

Upstream Regulation
Regulatory protein:	ATM (mouse) ( 4 ) , MKK3 (mouse) ( 10 ) , MKK6 (mouse) ( 10 ) , P38A (mouse) ( 4 ) , PKCG (human) ( 1 )
Putative in vivo kinases:	P38A (human) ( 10 )
Treatments:	adriamycin ( 4 ) , DSBs ( 4 ) , ionizing_radiation ( 4 ) , phenylephrine ( 2 ) , SB203580 ( 10 ) , TAC ( 2 )

Downstream Regulation
Effects of modification on GSK3B:	enzymatic activity, inhibited ( 4 , 10 ) , intracellular localization ( 2 ) , phosphorylation ( 2 )
Effects of modification on biological processes:	signaling pathway regulation ( 2 ) , transcription, induced ( 5 )

Disease / Diagnostics Relevance
Relevant diseases:	cardiomyopathy ( 2 ) , DCM ( 2 )

References
1	Pilo CA, et al. (2022) Mutations in protein kinase Cγ promote spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 by impairing kinase autoinhibition. Sci Signal 15, eabk1147 36166510 Curated Info
2	Vainio L, et al. (2021) GSK3β Serine 389 Phosphorylation Modulates Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Ischemic Injury. Int J Mol Sci 22 34948382 Curated Info
3	Sacco F, et al. (2016) Glucose-regulated and drug-perturbed phosphoproteome reveals molecular mechanisms controlling insulin secretion. Nat Commun 7, 13250 27841257 Curated Info
4	Thornton TM, et al. (2016) Inactivation of nuclear GSK3β by Ser(389) phosphorylation promotes lymphocyte fitness during DNA double-strand break response. Nat Commun 7, 10553 26822034 Curated Info
5	Song WJ, et al. (2015) Phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) by dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A). J Biol Chem 290, 2321-33 25477508 Curated Info
6	Reinartz M, Raupach A, Kaisers W, Gödecke A (2014) AKT1 and AKT2 induce distinct phosphorylation patterns in HL-1 cardiac myocytes. J Proteome Res 13, 4232-45 25162660 Curated Info
7	Wu X, et al. (2012) Investigation of receptor interacting protein (RIP3)-dependent protein phosphorylation by quantitative phosphoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 11, 1640-51 22942356 Curated Info
8	Trinidad JC, et al. (2012) Global identification and characterization of both O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation at the murine synapse. Mol Cell Proteomics 11, 215-29 22645316 Curated Info
9	Wiśniewski JR, et al. (2010) Brain phosphoproteome obtained by a FASP-based method reveals plasma membrane protein topology. J Proteome Res 9, 3280-9 20415495 Curated Info
10	Thornton TM, et al. (2008) Phosphorylation by p38 MAPK as an alternative pathway for GSK3beta inactivation. Science 320, 667-70 18451303 Curated Info
11	Trinidad JC, et al. (2008) Quantitative analysis of synaptic phosphorylation and protein expression. Mol Cell Proteomics 7, 684-96 18056256 Curated Info
12	Munton RP, et al. (2007) Qualitative and quantitative analyses of protein phosphorylation in naive and stimulated mouse synaptosomal preparations. Mol Cell Proteomics 6, 283-93 17114649 Curated Info
13	Ballif BA, et al. (2004) Phosphoproteomic analysis of the developing mouse brain. Mol Cell Proteomics 3, 1093-101 15345747 Curated Info