BRCA2
Involved in double-strand break repair and/or homologous recombination. Binds RAD51 and potentiates recombinational DNA repair by promoting assembly of RAD51 onto single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Acts by targeting RAD51 to ssDNA over double-stranded DNA, enabling RAD51 to displace replication protein-A (RPA) from ssDNA and stabilizing RAD51-ssDNA filaments by blocking ATP hydrolysis. Part of a PALB2-scaffolded HR complex containing RAD51C and which is thought to play a role in DNA repair by HR. May participate in S phase checkpoint activation. Binds selectively to ssDNA, and to ssDNA in tailed duplexes and replication fork structures. May play a role in the extension step after strand invasion at replication-dependent DNA double-strand breaks; together with PALB2 is involved in both POLH localization at collapsed replication forks and DNA polymerization activity. In concert with NPM1, regulates centrosome duplication. Interacts with the TREX-2 complex (transcription and export complex 2) subunits PCID2 and SEM1, and is required to prevent R-loop-associated DNA damage and thus transcription-associated genomic instability. Silencing of BRCA2 promotes R-loop accumulation at actively transcribed genes in replicating and non-replicating cells, suggesting that BRCA2 mediates the control of R-loop associated genomic instability, independently of its known role in homologous recombination. Highest levels of expression in breast and thymus, with slightly lower levels in lung, ovary and spleen. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB.
Protein type: DNA repair, damage; Nuclear receptor co-regulator; Tumor suppressor
Molecular Function: gamma-tubulin binding; histone acetyltransferase activity; histone H3 acetyltransferase activity; histone H4 acetyltransferase activity; identical protein binding; protease binding; protein binding; single-stranded DNA binding
Biological Process: brain development; cellular response to ionizing radiation; cellular senescence; centrosome duplication; chromatin remodeling; DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator; double-strand break repair; double-strand break repair via homologous recombination; establishment of protein localization to telomere; female gonad development; hematopoietic stem cell proliferation; histone H2A monoubiquitination; inner cell mass cell proliferation; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator; male meiosis I; mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing; negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation; nucleotide-excision repair; oocyte maturation; positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription; positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle; protein autoubiquitination; regulation of cytokinesis; regulation of DNA damage checkpoint; regulation of DNA-templated transcription; response to gamma radiation; response to UV-C; response to X-ray; spermatogenesis; telomere maintenance via recombination
Alt. Names/Synonyms: BRCA1/BRCA2-containing complex, subunit 2; BRCA2; BRCA2 DNA repair associated; BRCC2; breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene, early onset; breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility protein 2; breast cancer 2 tumor suppressor; breast cancer 2, early onset; breast cancer susceptibility protein BRCA2; Breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein; BROVCA2; FACD; FAD; FAD1; FANCB; FANCD; FANCD1; Fanconi anemia group D1 protein; GLM3; mutant BRCA2; PNCA2; truncated BRCA2 DNA repair-associated protein; truncated breast cancer 2; truncated DNA repair-associated BRCA2; XRCC11
