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fumarase
a metabolic enzyme that participates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle that catalyzes the conversion of (S)-malate into fumarate + H2O. There are two substrate binding sites: the catalytic A site, and the non-catalytic B site that may play a role in the transfer of substrate or product between the active site and the solvent. Alternatively, the B site may bind allosteric effectors. Fumarate accumulates in the cell when FH is inactivated. Fumarate inhibits the dioxygenases that hydroxylate the transcription factor HIF and leads to its degradation by VHL. Since HIF turns on oncogenic pathways, FH has apparent tumor suppressor activity. Defects in FH are the cause of hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC), a highly metastatic form of RCC. Defects in FH are the cause of fumarase deficiency (FD) also known as fumaricaciduria. FD is characterized by progressive encephalopathy, developmental delay, hypotonia, cerebral atrophy and lactic and pyruvic acidemia. Cells derived from a patient with HLRCC exhibit compromised oxidative phosphorylation, dependence on anaerobic glycolysis, rapid glycolytic flux, and overexpression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and GLUT1. Two human isoforms are produced by alternative initiation. The longer isoform is mitochondrial, while the shorter form, missing residues 1-43, is cytoplasmic. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB.
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| Protein type: Carbohydrate Metabolism - citrate (TCA) cycle; EC 4.2.1.2; Lyase; Mitochondrial; Tumor suppressor |
| Chromosomal Location of mouse Ortholog: 1|1 H3 |
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Cellular Component:
chromosome; cytoplasm; cytosol; mitochondrion; nucleus; site of double-strand break; tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex
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Molecular Function:
catalytic activity; fumarate hydratase activity; histone binding; lyase activity
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Biological Process:
cellular response to DNA damage stimulus; DNA repair; fumarate metabolic process; homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue; malate metabolic process; negative regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation; positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis; positive regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining; regulation of arginine metabolic process; tricarboxylic acid cycle; urea cycle
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Reference #:
P97807
(UniProtKB)
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Alt. Names/Synonyms: EF-3; Fh; Fh-1; Fh1; fuma; Fumarase; fumarate hydratase 1; Fumarate hydratase, mitochondrial; FUMH; OTTMUSP00000031090
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Gene Symbols: Fh
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Molecular weight:
54,357 Da
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Basal Isoelectric point:
9.12
Predict pI for various phosphorylation states
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Protein-Specific Antibodies, siRNAs or Recombinant Proteins from Cell Signaling Technology®
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