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NFkB-p65
a subunit of NF-kappa-B transcription complex (NFkB), which plays a crucial role in biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NFkB consists of homo- or heterodimeric complexes formed from the five NFkB proteins in mammals: RelA, RelB, c-REL, NFkB1, and NFkB2. They form a variety of homodimers and heterodimers, each binding at kappa-B sites in the DNA, regulating distinct sets of genes. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors. For example,RELA-NFkB1 and RELA-REL complexes function as transcriptional activators. NFkB complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with IkB proteins. When IkB is phosphorylated by IkB kinases (IKKs), it is degraded, allowing active NFkB complexes to translocate to the nucleus. Essential for cytokine gene expression in T-cells. RELA-RELA complexes appear to be involved in invasin-mediated activation of IL-8 expression. Four alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB.
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| Protein type: DNA-binding; Nuclear receptor co-regulator; Transcription factor |
| Chromosomal Location of rat Ortholog: 1q43 |
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Cellular Component:
chromatin; cytoplasm; cytosol; glutamatergic synapse; NF-kappaB complex; NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex; nucleolus; nucleus; protein-containing complex; synapse; transcription regulator complex
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Molecular Function:
actinin binding; ankyrin repeat binding; chromatin binding; chromatin DNA binding; DNA binding; DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; DNA-binding transcription factor activity; DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; DNA-binding transcription factor binding; DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; double-stranded DNA binding; enzyme binding; general transcription initiation factor binding; histone deacetylase binding; identical protein binding; NF-kappaB binding; peptide binding; phosphate ion binding; protein binding; protein homodimerization activity; protein kinase binding; protein-containing complex binding; RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding; RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; transcription cis-regulatory region binding; transcription coactivator binding; ubiquitin protein ligase binding
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Biological Process:
acetaldehyde metabolic process; animal organ morphogenesis; cellular response to angiotensin; cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus; cellular response to hydrogen peroxide; cellular response to interleukin-1; cellular response to interleukin-6; cellular response to lipopolysaccharide; cellular response to lipoteichoic acid; cellular response to nicotine; cellular response to peptidoglycan; cellular response to stress; cellular response to tumor necrosis factor; cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus; chromatin organization; cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; defense response; defense response to tumor cell; DNA-templated transcription; hair follicle development; I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; inflammatory response; innate immune response; interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway; liver development; negative regulation of apoptotic process; negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription; negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of miRNA transcription; negative regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling; negative regulation of protein catabolic process; negative regulation of protein sumoylation; negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; neuropeptide signaling pathway; NIK/NF-kappaB signaling; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway; positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation; positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription; positive regulation of gene expression; positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; positive regulation of interleukin-12 production; positive regulation of interleukin-6 production; positive regulation of interleukin-8 production; positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell; positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process; positive regulation of miRNA transcription; positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling; positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation; positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus; positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production; postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway; protein catabolic process; regulation of DNA-templated transcription; regulation of DNA-templated transcription in response to stress; regulation of inflammatory response; regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling; response to amino acid; response to bacterium; response to cAMP; response to cobalamin; response to cytokine; response to hydrogen peroxide; response to inorganic substance; response to insulin; response to interleukin-1; response to ischemia; response to lipopolysaccharide; response to mechanical stimulus; response to muramyl dipeptide; response to muscle stretch; response to organic cyclic compound; response to organic substance; response to progesterone; response to UV-B; response to xenobiotic stimulus; toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway; tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
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Reference #:
Q7TQN4
(UniProtKB)
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Alt. Names/Synonyms: NFkB; NFkB-p65; nuclear factor kappa B subunit p65; RELA; v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A; V-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (Avian)
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Gene Symbols: Rela
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Molecular weight:
60,267 Da
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Basal Isoelectric point:
5.52
Predict pI for various phosphorylation states
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CST Pathways:
Apoptosis Regulation
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B Cell Receptor Signaling
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Death Receptor Signaling
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Inhibition of Apoptosis
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NF-kB Signaling
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Regulation of P38 MAPKs
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T Cell Receptor Signaling
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Toll-Like Receptor Signaling
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Protein-Specific Antibodies, siRNAs or Recombinant Proteins from Cell Signaling Technology®
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