ERK1 iso3
Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Many of these substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation. However, other substrates are found in the cytosol as well as in other cellular organelles, and those are responsible for processes such as translation, mitosis and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of the endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC); as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis. The substrates include transcription factors (such as ATF2, BCL6, ELK1, ERF, FOS, HSF4 or SPZ1), cytoskeletal elements (such as CANX, CTTN, GJA1, MAP2, MAPT, PXN, SORBS3 or STMN1), regulators of apoptosis (such as BAD, BTG2, CASP9, DAPK1, IER3, MCL1 or PPARG), regulators of translation (such as EIF4EBP1) and a variety of other signaling-related molecules (like ARHGEF2, FRS2 or GRB10). Protein kinases (such as RAF1, RPS6KA1/RSK1, RPS6KA3/RSK2, RPS6KA2/RSK3, RPS6KA6/RSK4, SYK, MKNK1/MNK1, MKNK2/MNK2, RPS6KA5/MSK1, RPS6KA4/MSK2, MAPKAPK3 or MAPKAPK5) and phosphatases (such as DUSP1, DUSP4, DUSP6 or DUSP16) are other substrates which enable the propagation the MAPK/ERK signal to additional cytosolic and nuclear targets, thereby extending the specificity of the cascade. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily. 3 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB.
Protein type: EC 2.7.11.24; Kinase, protein; Protein kinase, CMGC; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor)
Molecular Function: ATP binding; DNA-binding transcription factor binding; identical protein binding; MAP kinase activity; MAP kinase kinase activity; phosphatase binding; phosphotyrosine residue binding; protein binding; protein serine kinase activity; protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Biological Process: apoptotic process; Bergmann glial cell differentiation; BMP signaling pathway; cardiac neural crest cell development involved in heart development; cartilage development; caveolin-mediated endocytosis; cell cycle; cellular response to amino acid starvation; cellular response to cadmium ion; cellular response to mechanical stimulus; cellular response to reactive oxygen species; cellular response to tumor necrosis factor; DNA-templated transcription; ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; face development; insulin receptor signaling pathway; insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway; interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway; intracellular signal transduction; lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; lung morphogenesis; MAPK cascade; modulation of chemical synaptic transmission; negative regulation of apolipoprotein binding; outer ear morphogenesis; peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation; phosphorylation; positive regulation of cyclase activity; positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis; positive regulation of macrophage proliferation; positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; positive regulation of telomerase activity; positive regulation of telomere capping; positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; positive regulation of xenophagy; protein phosphorylation; regulation of cellular pH; regulation of cytoskeleton organization; regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity; regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport; regulation of Golgi inheritance; regulation of ossification; regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade; response to epidermal growth factor; response to exogenous dsRNA; sensory perception of pain; signal transduction in response to DNA damage; stress-activated MAPK cascade; thymus development; thyroid gland development; trachea formation; xenophagy
