NOD2
Involved in gastrointestinal immunity. Upon stimulation by muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a fragment of bacterial peptidoglycan, binds the proximal adapter receptor-interacting RIPK2, which recruits ubiquitin ligases as XIAP, BIRC2, BIRC3, INAVA and the LUBAC complex, triggering activation of MAP kinases and activation of NF-kappa-B signaling. This in turn leads to the transcriptional activation of hundreds of genes involved in immune response. Required for MDP-induced NLRP1-dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B release in macrophages. Component of an autophagy-mediated antibacterial pathway together with ATG16L1. Plays also a role in sensing single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) from viruses. Interacts with mitochondrial antiviral signaling/MAVS, leading to activation of interferon regulatory factor-3/IRF3 and expression of type I interferon. Expressed in intestinal mucosa, mainly in Paneth cells and, at lower extent, in the glandular epithelium. 3 alternative initiation human isoforms have been reported. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB.
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Chromosomal Location of human Ortholog: 16q12.1 |
Cellular Component:
basolateral plasma membrane; cell surface; cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; cytosol; extrinsic component of plasma membrane; Golgi apparatus; mitochondrion; phagocytic vesicle; plasma membrane; protein-containing complex; vesicle
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Molecular Function:
actin binding; ADP binding; ATP binding; CARD domain binding; enzyme binding; Hsp70 protein binding; Hsp90 protein binding; muramyl dipeptide binding; pattern recognition receptor activity; peptidoglycan binding; protein binding; protein kinase binding; protein-containing complex binding; ubiquitin binding
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Biological Process:
adaptive immune response; biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria; cellular response to lipopolysaccharide; cellular response to muramyl dipeptide; cellular response to organic cyclic compound; cellular response to peptidoglycan; defense response; defense response to bacterium; detection of bacterium; detection of biotic stimulus; detection of muramyl dipeptide; ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; establishment of localization in cell; host-mediated regulation of intestinal microbiota composition; I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; innate immune response; innate immune response in mucosa; intestinal stem cell homeostasis; intracellular signal transduction; JNK cascade; maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium; negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus; negative regulation of interleukin-12 production; negative regulation of interleukin-18 production; negative regulation of interleukin-2 production; negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic process; negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production; negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; negative regulation of T cell mediated immunity; negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway; negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; negative regulation of type II interferon production; NIK/NF-kappaB signaling; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway; pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway; peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; phagocytosis; positive regulation of B cell activation; positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria; positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response; positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response; positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation; positive regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production; positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation; positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin; positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production; positive regulation of interleukin-10 production; positive regulation of interleukin-12 production; positive regulation of interleukin-17 production; positive regulation of interleukin-6 production; positive regulation of interleukin-8 production; positive regulation of JNK cascade; positive regulation of macrophage cytokine production; positive regulation of MAP kinase activity; positive regulation of mitophagy; positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production; positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process; positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway; positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; positive regulation of phagocytosis; positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity; positive regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity; positive regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity; positive regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination; positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; positive regulation of type 2 immune response; positive regulation of xenophagy; regulation of appetite; regulation of inflammatory response; regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis; response to endoplasmic reticulum stress; response to exogenous dsRNA; response to muramyl dipeptide; response to nutrient; temperature homeostasis; toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway; xenophagy
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Disease: Blau Syndrome; Inflammatory Bowel Disease 1; Yao Syndrome
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Reference #:
Q9HC29
(UniProtKB)
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Alt. Names/Synonyms: ACUG; BLAU; BLAUS; CARD15; caspase recruitment domain family, member 15; caspase recruitment domain protein 15; Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15; CD; CLR16.3; IBD1; Inflammatory bowel disease protein 1; NLR family, CARD domain containing 2; NLRC2; NOD-like receptor C2; NOD2; NOD2B; nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and CARD domain containing 2; Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2; PSORAS1; YAOS
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Gene Symbols: NOD2
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Molecular weight:
115,283 Da
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Basal Isoelectric point:
6.3
Predict pI for various phosphorylation states
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