ATG3
E2 conjugating enzyme required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), autophagy, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Responsible for the E2-like covalent binding of phosphatidylethanolamine to the C-terminal Gly of ATG8-like proteins (GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 or MAP1LC3A). The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate plays a role of an E3 and promotes the transfer of ATG8-like proteins from ATG3 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). This step is required for the membrane association of ATG8-like proteins. The formation of the ATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugates is essential for autophagy and for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt). Preferred substrate is MAP1LC3A. Also acts as an autocatalytic E2-like enzyme, catalyzing the conjugation of ATG12 to itself, ATG12 conjugation to ATG3 playing a role in mitochondrial homeostasis but not in autophagy. ATG7 (E1-like enzyme) facilitates this reaction by forming an E1-E2 complex with ATG3. Promotes primary ciliogenesis by removing OFD1 from centriolar satellites via the autophagic pathway. Belongs to the ATG3 family. Widely expressed, with a highest expression in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver and placenta. 2 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB.
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Protein type: Autophagy; EC 6.3.2.-; Ubiquitin conjugating system |
Chromosomal Location of human Ortholog: 3q13.2 |
Cellular Component:
cytoplasm; cytosol; phagophore assembly site
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Molecular Function:
Atg12 transferase activity; Atg8-family ligase activity; enzyme binding; protein binding; ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity
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Biological Process:
autophagosome assembly; autophagy of mitochondrion; mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process; negative regulation of phagocytosis; nucleophagy; protein targeting to membrane; protein ubiquitination; regulation of cilium assembly
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Reference #:
Q9NT62
(UniProtKB)
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Alt. Names/Synonyms: 2610016C12Rik; APG3; APG3 autophagy 3-like; APG3-like; APG3L; ATG3; ATG3 autophagy related 3 homolog; ATG3 autophagy related 3 homolog (S. cerevisiae); autophagy Apg3p/Aut1p-like; autophagy related 3; Autophagy-related protein 3; DKFZp564M1178; FLJ22125; hApg3; MGC15201; PC3-96; Protein PC3-96; Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3
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Gene Symbols: ATG3
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Molecular weight:
35,864 Da
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Basal Isoelectric point:
4.66
Predict pI for various phosphorylation states
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CST Pathways:
Autophagy Signaling
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Protein-Specific Antibodies, siRNAs or Recombinant Proteins from Cell Signaling Technology®
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