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ghrelin
Ghrelin is the ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 (GHSR). Induces the release of growth hormone from the pituitary. Has an appetite-stimulating effect, induces adiposity and stimulates gastric acid secretion. Involved in growth regulation. Obestatin may be the ligand for GPR39. May have an appetite-reducing effect resulting in decreased food intake. May reduce gastric emptying activity and jejunal motility. Belongs to the motilin family. Highest level in stomach. All forms are found in serum as well. Other tissues compensate for the loss of ghrelin synthesis in the stomach following gastrectomy. 6 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB.
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| Protein type: Apoptosis; Cell cycle regulation; Cell development/differentiation; Secreted; Secreted, signal peptide |
| Chromosomal Location of human Ortholog: 3p25.3 |
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Cellular Component:
axon; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; extracellular region; extracellular space; glutamatergic synapse; postsynapse; Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse; secretory granule lumen
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Molecular Function:
G protein-coupled receptor binding; ghrelin receptor binding; growth hormone-releasing hormone activity; protein binding; protein tyrosine kinase activator activity
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Biological Process:
actin polymerization or depolymerization; adult feeding behavior; cartilage development; cortisol secretion; decidualization; dendrite development; excitatory postsynaptic potential; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; gastric acid secretion; glucose metabolic process; growth hormone secretion; hormone-mediated signaling pathway; negative regulation of angiogenesis; negative regulation of apoptotic process; negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep; negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; negative regulation of inflammatory response; negative regulation of insulin secretion; negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production; negative regulation of interleukin-6 production; negative regulation of locomotion; negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; positive regulation of adipose tissue development; positive regulation of appetite; positive regulation of bone development; positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep; positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis; positive regulation of corticotropin secretion; positive regulation of cortisol secretion; positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; positive regulation of eating behavior; positive regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation; positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of growth hormone secretion; positive regulation of growth rate; positive regulation of insulin secretion; positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus; positive regulation of MAPK cascade; positive regulation of multicellular organism growth; positive regulation of small intestinal transit; positive regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction; positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis; positive regulation of synapse assembly; positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation; postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission; regulation of cell population proliferation; regulation of gastric motility; regulation of postsynapse organization; regulation of response to food; regulation of transmission of nerve impulse; response to electrical stimulus; response to estrogen; response to hormone; synapse assembly
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Disease: Obesity
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Reference #:
Q9UBU3
(UniProtKB)
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Alt. Names/Synonyms: Appetite-regulating hormone; Ghrelin; ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide; ghrelin, growth hormone secretagogue receptor ligand; Ghrelin-27; Ghrelin-28; ghrelin/obestatin preprohormone; ghrelin/obestatin prepropeptide; GHRL; Growth hormone secretagogue; Growth hormone-releasing peptide; In2c-preproghrelin; Motilin-related peptide; MTLRP; Obestatin; prepro-appetite regulatory hormone; preproghrelin; Protein M46
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Gene Symbols: GHRL
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Molecular weight:
12,911 Da
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Basal Isoelectric point:
5.35
Predict pI for various phosphorylation states
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