JNK2
Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK9/JNK2. In turn, MAPK9/JNK2 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN and ATF2 and thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. In response to oxidative or ribotoxic stresses, inhibits rRNA synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating the RNA polymerase 1-specific transcription initiation factor RRN3. Promotes stressed cell apoptosis by phosphorylating key regulatory factors including TP53 and YAP1. In T-cells, MAPK8 and MAPK9 are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells. Upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, is activated by CARMA1, BCL10, MAP2K7 and MAP3K7/TAK1 to regulate JUN protein levels. Plays an important role in the osmotic stress-induced epithelial tight-junctions disruption. When activated, promotes beta-catenin/CTNNB1 degradation and inhibits the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Participates also in neurite growth in spiral ganglion neurons. Phosphorylates the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer and plays a role in the regulation of the circadian clock. Phosphorylates POU5F1, which results in the inhibition of POU5F1's transcriptional activity and enhances its proteosomal degradation. MAPK9 isoforms display different binding patterns: alpha-1 and alpha-2 preferentially bind to JUN, whereas beta-1 and beta-2 bind to ATF2. However, there is no correlation between binding and phosphorylation, which is achieved at about the same efficiency by all isoforms. JUNB is not a substrate for JNK2 alpha-2, and JUND binds only weakly to it. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily. 5 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB.
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Protein type: CMGC group; EC 2.7.11.24; JNK subfamily; Kinase, protein; MAPK family; MAPK/JNK subfamily; Protein kinase, CMGC; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor) |
Chromosomal Location of mouse Ortholog: 11|11 B1.2-B1.3 |
Cellular Component:
cytoplasm; cytosol; mitochondrion; nuclear speck; nucleus; perikaryon; plasma membrane; Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse
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Molecular Function:
ATP binding; cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process; JUN kinase activity; kinase activity; MAP kinase activity; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding; nucleotide binding; protein binding; protein kinase activity; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity; transferase activity
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Biological Process:
apoptotic signaling pathway; cellular response to cadmium ion; cellular response to reactive oxygen species; cellular response to UV; inflammatory response to wounding; JNK cascade; JUN phosphorylation; modulation of chemical synaptic transmission; neuron projection development; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; phosphorylation; positive regulation of apoptotic process; positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway; positive regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation; positive regulation of chemokine production; positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response; positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription; positive regulation of gene expression; positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation; positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process; positive regulation of podosome assembly; positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process; positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion; positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; positive regulation of protein ubiquitination; protein localization to tricellular tight junction; protein phosphorylation; regulation of circadian rhythm; regulation of JNK cascade; regulation of protein ubiquitination; release of cytochrome c from mitochondria; response to cadmium ion; response to xenobiotic stimulus; rhythmic process
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Reference #:
Q9WTU6
(UniProtKB)
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Alt. Names/Synonyms: AI851083; c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2; JNK; JNK/SAPK alpha; Jnk2; Jun kinase; MAP kinase 9; MAPK 9; Mapk9; mitogen activated protein kinase 9; Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9; MK09; OTTMUSP00000005725; OTTMUSP00000005726; p54aSAPK; Prk; Prkm9; protein kinase, mitogen-activated 9; Stress-activated protein kinase JNK2
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Gene Symbols: Mapk9
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Molecular weight:
48,189 Da
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Basal Isoelectric point:
5.64
Predict pI for various phosphorylation states
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CST Pathways:
Apoptosis Regulation
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B Cell Receptor Signaling
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Death Receptor Signaling
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ErbB/HER Signaling
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Inhibition of Apoptosis
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Insulin Receptor Signaling
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Mitochondrial Control of Apoptosis
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NF-kB Signaling
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Parkinson's Disease
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SAPK/JNK Signaling Cascades
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T Cell Receptor Signaling
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TGF-ß Signaling
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Toll-Like Receptor Signaling
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Protein-Specific Antibodies, siRNAs or Recombinant Proteins from Cell Signaling Technology®
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