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AP-2 alpha (human)

Overview AP-2 alpha Sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that interacts with inducible viral and cellular enhancer elements to regulate transcription of selected genes. AP-2 factors bind to the consensus sequence 5'-GCCNNNGGC-3' and activate genes involved in a large spectrum of important biological functions including proper eye, face, body wall, limb and neural tube development. They also suppress a number of genes including MCAM/MUC18, C/EBP alpha and MYC. AP-2-alpha is the only AP-2 protein required for early morphogenesis of the lens vesicle. Together with the CITED2 coactivator, stimulates the PITX2 P1 promoter transcription activation. Associates with chromatin to the PITX2 P1 promoter region. Binds DNA as a dimer. Can form homodimers or heterodimers with other AP-2 family members. Interacts with WWOX. Interacts with CITED4. Interacts with UBE2I. Interacts with RALBP1 in a complex also containing EPN1 and NUMB during interphase and mitosis. Interacts with KCTD1; this interaction represses transcription activation. Interacts (via C-terminus) with CITED2 (via C-terminus); the interaction stimulates TFAP2A- transcriptional activation. Interacts (via N-terminus) with EP300 (via N-terminus); the interaction requires CITED2. Belongs to the AP-2 family. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB. Protein type: DNA binding protein; Transcription factor Cellular Component: Golgi apparatus; centrosome; intracellular membrane-bound organelle; cytoplasm; nucleolus; nucleus Molecular Function: protein dimerization activity; protein binding; protein homodimerization activity; sequence-specific DNA binding; transcription coactivator activity; chromatin binding Biological Process: transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; embryonic forelimb morphogenesis; skin development; neural crest cell development; regulation of neuron differentiation; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; palate development; embryonic pattern specification; negative regulation of cell proliferation; sympathetic nervous system development; sensory perception of sound; oculomotor nerve formation; epidermis morphogenesis; positive regulation of neuron apoptosis; regulation of cell differentiation; kidney development; trigeminal nerve development; inner ear morphogenesis; anterior neuropore closure; embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis; positive regulation of bone mineralization; embryonic body morphogenesis; forebrain neuron development; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; negative regulation of apoptosis; positive regulation of cell migration Reference #:  P05549 (UniProtKB) Alt. Names/Synonyms: Activating enhancer-binding protein 2-alpha; Activator protein 2; AP-2; AP-2 transcription factor; AP-2alpha; AP2-alpha; AP2A; AP2TF; BOFS; FLJ51761; TFAP2; TFAP2A; transcription factor AP-2 alpha (activating enhancer binding protein 2 alpha); Transcription factor AP-2-alpha Gene Symbols: TFAP2A Molecular weight: 48,062 Da Basal Isoelectric point: 8.1  Predict pI for various phosphorylation states Protein-Specific Antibodies or siRNAs from Cell Signaling Technology®

Select Structure to View Below AP-2 alpha

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	Sites Implicated In
transcription, altered: S258‑p transcription, induced: S429‑p molecular association, regulation: S258‑p protein stabilization: S429‑p

	Modification Sites and Domains	Show Modification Legend
Click here to view phosphorylation modifications only

	Modification Sites in Parent Protein, Orthologs, and Isoforms	Show Modification Legend

SS  SS: The number of records in which this modification site was determined using site-specific methods. SS methods include amino acid sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, modification site-specific antibodies, specific MS strategies, etc.	MS  MS: The number of records in which this modification site was assigned using ONLY proteomic discovery-mode mass spectrometry.			human ► Hide Isoforms
0	1		Y73-p	YPQSQDPySHVNDPY
0	1		S185-p	GPVSLSKsNsNAVSA
0	1		S187-p	VSLSKsNsNAVSAIP
1	0		S219-p	CSVPGRLsLLSSTSK
1	2		S239-p	AEVQRRLsPPECLNA
2	0		S258-p	GVLRRAKsKNGGRSL
0	1		R263	AKsKNGGRSLREKLD
1	0		S326-p	EFLNRQHsDPNEQVT
0	1		S428-p	HTDNNAKssDKEEKH
1	0		S429-p	TDNNAKssDKEEKHR

	AP-2 alpha iso2
Y67	YPQSQDPYSHVNDPY
S179	GPVSLSKSNSNAVSA
S181	VSLSKSNSNAVSAIP
S213	CSVPGRLSLLSSTSK
S233	AEVQRRLSPPECLNA
S252	GVLRRAKSKNGGRSL
R257	AKSKNGGRSLREKLD
S320	EFLNRQHSDPNEQVT
S422	HTDNNAKSSDKEEKH
S423	TDNNAKSSDKEEKHR

	mouse
Y73	YPQSQDPYSHVNDPY
S185	GPVSLSKSNSNAVSA
S187	VSLSKSNSNAVSAIP
S219	CSVPGRLSLLSSTSK
S239-p	AEVQRRLsPPECLNA
S258-p	GVLRRAKsKNGGrSL
R263-m1	AKsKNGGrSLREKLD
S326	EFLNRQHSDPNEQVA
S428	HTDNSAKSSDKEEKH
S429	TDNSAKSSDKEEKHR

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