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GCG (human)

Overview GCG Glucagon plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plays an important role in initiating and maintaining hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes. Glucagon release is stimulated by hypoglycemia and inhibited by hyperglycemia, insulin, and somatostatin. GLP-1 and GLP-2 are induced in response to nutrient ingestion. Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. GLP1 and GLP2 are also secreted in selected neurons in the brain. Belongs to the glucagon family. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB. Protein type: Secreted, signal peptide; Hormone; Secreted Cellular Component: extracellular space; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; plasma membrane; extracellular region; secretory granule Molecular Function: hormone activity; glucagon receptor binding; receptor binding Biological Process: positive regulation of protein binding; signal transduction; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; negative regulation of appetite; G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger; G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; cell proliferation; positive regulation of protein kinase activity; positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process; energy reserve metabolic process; feeding behavior; regulation of insulin secretion; negative regulation of apoptosis Reference #:  P01275 (UniProtKB) Alt. Names/Synonyms: GCG; Glicentin; Glicentin-related polypeptide; GLP-1; GLP-1(7-36); GLP-1(7-37); GLP-2; GLP1; GLP2; GLUC; Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1; Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36); Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37); Glucagon-like peptide 2; GRPP; OXM; OXY; Oxyntomodulin Gene Symbols: GCG Molecular weight: 20,909 Da Basal Isoelectric point: 5.85  Predict pI for various phosphorylation states Protein-Specific Antibodies or siRNAs from Cell Signaling Technology®

Select Structure to View Below GCG 1BH0 - A=53-81 (human) 1D0R - A=98-127 (human) 1NAU - A=53-81 (human) 2L63 - A=146-178 (human) 2L64 - A=146-178 (human) 2M5P - X=53-81 (human) 2M5Q - X=53-81 (human) 3IOL - B=98-128 (human)

STRING  |  Scansite  |  Phospho.ELM  |  Pfam  |  RCSB PDB 1BH0 1D0R 1NAU 2L63 2L64 2M5P 2M5Q 3IOL  |  Phospho3D  |  DISEASE  |  Source  |  GeneCards  |  UniProtKB  |  Entrez-Gene  |  GenPept  |  Ensembl Gene

	Modification Sites and Domains

	Modification Sites in Parent Protein, Orthologs, and Isoforms

SS  SS: The number of records in which this modification site was determined using site-specific methods. SS methods include amino acid sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, modification site-specific antibodies, specific MS strategies, etc.	MS  MS: The number of records in which this modification site was assigned using ONLY proteomic discovery-mode mass spectrometry.			human
0	1		T26-p	WQRSLQDtEEKSRsF
0	1		S32-p	DtEEKSRsFsAsQAD
0	1		S34-p	EEKSRsFsAsQADPL
0	1		S36-p	KSRsFsAsQADPLsD
0	1		S42-p	AsQADPLsDPDQMNE
0	1		S54-p	MNEDKRHsQGTFTSD
0	1		S60	HsQGTFTSDySKYLD
0	1		Y62-p	QGTFTSDySKYLDsR
0	1		S68-p	DySKYLDsRRAQDFV
0	1		T102	FERHAEGTFTSDVSS
0	1		S105	HAEGTFTSDVSSYLE
0	1		S108	GTFTSDVSSYLEGQA
0	1		S109	TFTSDVSSYLEGQAA
0	1		Y110	FTSDVSSYLEGQAAK
0	2		S150	GRRHADGSFSDEMNT
0	2		S152	RHADGSFSDEMNTIL

	mouse
T26	WQHALQDTEENPRSF
S32	DTEENPRSFPASQTE
P34	EENPRSFPASQTEAH
S36	NPRSFPASQTEAHED
E42	ASQTEAHEDPDEMNE
S54-p	MNEDKRHsQGTFTsD
S60-p	HsQGTFTsDYSKYLD
Y62	QGTFTsDYSKYLDSR
S68	DYSKYLDSRRAQDFV
T102-p	FERHAEGtFTsDVss
S105-p	HAEGtFTsDVssyLE
S108-p	GtFTsDVssyLEGQA
S109-p	tFTsDVssyLEGQAA
Y110-p	FTsDVssyLEGQAAK
S150-p	GRRHADGsFsDEMST
S152-p	RHADGsFsDEMSTIL

	rat
T26	WQHAPQDTEENARSF
S32	DTEENARSFPASQTE
P34	EENARSFPASQTEPL
S36	NARSFPASQTEPLED
E42	ASQTEPLEDPDQINE
S54	INEDKRHSQGTFTSD
S60	HSQGTFTSDYSKYLD
Y62	QGTFTSDYSKYLDSR
S68	DYSKYLDSRRAQDFV
T102	FERHAEGTFTSDVSS
S105	HAEGTFTSDVSSYLE
S108	GTFTSDVSSYLEGQA
S109	TFTSDVSSYLEGQAA
Y110	FTSDVSSYLEGQAAK
S150	GRRHADGSFSDEMNT
S152	RHADGSFSDEMNTIL

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