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GK
a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes glucose metabolism in the liver and pancreatic beta cells. Acts as a ""glucose sensor"" in beta cells. The first and rate-limiting step in glycosis, a pathway that produces energy in the form of ATP from glucose. Glucokinase traps glucose inside the cell by catalyzing its phosphorylation to produce glucose-6-phosphate. Has a lower affinity for glucose than the three other isozymes of hexokinase, allowing other organs such as the brain and muscles to have first call on glucose when its supply is limited. Unlike other hexokinases, glucokinase is not inhibited by glucose-6-phosphate. Glucokinase is found in the outer membrane compartment of mitochondria. May bind VDAC, suppressing mitochondrial function. Glucokinase transcription is induced by insulin, perhaps via the activation of Stat 5B. Mutant glucokinase causes a rare form of diabetes and may also play a role in type 2 diabetes. Three splice variant isoforms of human glucokinase have been described. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB.
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| Protein type: Carbohydrate Metabolism - glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; Mitochondrial; Carbohydrate Metabolism - galactose; Kinase, other; Carbohydrate Metabolism - amino sugar and nucleotide sugar; EC 2.7.1.2; Carbohydrate Metabolism - starch and sucrose |
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Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; mitochondrion; actin filament; cytosol; secretory granule
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Molecular Function: protein binding; magnesium ion binding; ADP binding; glucokinase activity; protein phosphatase binding; ATP binding; glucose binding
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Biological Process: positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; glucose transport; glucose homeostasis; NADP metabolic process; cellular response to glucose starvation; elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; detection of glucose; regulation of glycolysis; negative regulation of gluconeogenesis; transmembrane transport; second-messenger-mediated signaling; glycogen biosynthetic process; glycolysis; regulation of potassium ion transport; positive regulation of insulin secretion; endocrine pancreas development; fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process; cellular response to insulin stimulus; hexose transport; positive regulation of glycolysis; carbohydrate metabolic process; negative regulation of epinephrine secretion; cell glucose homeostasis; regulation of insulin secretion; positive regulation of phosphorylation
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Reference #:
P35557 (UniProtKB)
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| Alt. Names/Synonyms: ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase; FGQTL3; GCK; GK; GLK; Glucokinase; glucokinase (hexokinase 4); hexokinase D, pancreatic isozyme; Hexokinase type IV; Hexokinase-4; Hexokinase-D; HHF3; HK IV; HK4; HKIV; HXK4; HXKP; LGLK; MODY2 |
| Gene Symbols: GCK |
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Molecular weight: 52,191 Da
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Basal Isoelectric point: 5.1
Predict pI for various phosphorylation states
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CST Pathways:
Warburg Effect
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