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KARS (human)

Overview KARS Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. When secreted, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages. Catalyzes the synthesis of diadenosine oligophosphate (Ap4A), a signaling molecule involved in the activation of MITF transcriptional activity. Interacts with HIV-1 virus GAG protein, facilitating the selective packaging of tRNA(3)(Lys), the primer for reverse transcription initiation. Homodimer; also part of a multisubunit complex that groups AIMP1, AIMP2, EEF1A1 and tRNA ligases for Arg, Asp, Glu, Gln, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro. Interacts with AIMP2 (via N- terminus) and MITF. Interacts directly with HIV-1 virus GAG protein. Up-regulated by DARS and EEF1A1, but not by AIMP2. Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB. Protein type: Mitochondrial; EC 6.1.1.6; Ligase; Translation Cellular Component: microtubule cytoskeleton; aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex; mitochondrion; mitochondrial matrix; cytoplasm; plasma membrane; extracellular region; cytosol; nucleus Molecular Function: amino acid binding; metal ion binding; lysine-tRNA ligase activity; ATP binding; tRNA binding Biological Process: tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation; lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation; tRNA processing; virus-host interaction; gene expression; diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process Reference #:  Q15046 (UniProtKB) Alt. Names/Synonyms: KARS; KARS2; KIAA0070; KRS; lysine tRNA ligase; Lysine--tRNA ligase; LysRS; Lysyl-tRNA synthetase; SYK Gene Symbols: KARS Molecular weight: 68,048 Da Basal Isoelectric point: 5.94  Predict pI for various phosphorylation states Protein-Specific Antibodies or siRNAs from Cell Signaling Technology®

Select Structure to View Below KARS 3BJU - A/D/C/B=70-582 (human) 4DPG - F/A/E/B/H/C/D/G=70-581 (human)

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	Sites Implicated In
enzymatic activity, induced: S207‑p intracellular localization: S207‑p

	Modification Sites and Domains	Show Modification Legend
Click here to view phosphorylation modifications only

	Modification Sites in Parent Protein, Orthologs, and Isoforms	Show Modification Legend

SS  SS: The number of records in which this modification site was determined using site-specific methods. SS methods include amino acid sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, modification site-specific antibodies, specific MS strategies, etc.	MS  MS: The number of records in which this modification site was assigned using ONLY proteomic discovery-mode mass spectrometry.			human ► Hide Isoforms
0	1		-	gap
0	1		K31-a	KRRLKAEkKVAEKEA
1	1		S49-p	ELSEKQLsQAtAAAT
1	0		T52-p	EKQLsQAtAAATNHT
0	2		K78-u	VDPNQYYkIRSQAIH
0	1		K88-a	SQAIHQLkVNGEDPY
0	3		K127-u	HLTDITLkVAGRIHA
0	1		K141-a	AKRASGGkLIFYDLR
1	0		S207-p	PYEITLLsPCLHMLP
0	1		K249	QKFIIRSKIITYIRS
0	2		K305-u	IAPELYHkMLVVGGI
0	2		K363-u	KMVSGMVkHItGSYK
0	1		T366-p	SGMVkHItGSYKVTY
0	1		Y383	DGPEGQAYDVDFTPP
0	2		N395	TPPFRRINMVEELEk
0	1		K402-a	NMVEELEkALGMKLP
0	1		K407	LEkALGMKLPETNLF
0	1		N412	GMKLPETNLFETEET
0	2		K421-u	FETEETRkILDDICV
0	1		K479	LAKWHRSKEGLTERF
0	1		K492	RFELFVMKKEICNAY
0	1		K493	FELFVMKKEICNAYT
0	1		T559	DRVAMFLTDSNNIKE
0	1		K565	LTDSNNIKEVLLFPA
0	1		K578	PAMKPEDKKENVATT
0	5		T587-p	ENVATTDtLESTTVG
0	4		S590	ATTDtLESTTVGTsV
0	3		T591	TTDtLESTTVGTsV_
0	2		G594	tLESTTVGTsV____
0	3		S596-p	ESTTVGTsV______

	KARS iso2
T3-p	_____MLtQAAVRLV
K59	KRRLKAEKKVAEKEA
S77	ELSEKQLSQATAAAT
T80	EKQLSQATAAATNHT
K106	VDPNQYYKIRSQAIH
K116	SQAIHQLKVNGEDPY
K155	HLTDITLKVAGRIHA
K169	AKRASGGKLIFYDLR
S235	PYEITLLSPCLHMLP
K277	QKFIIRSKIITYIRS
K333	IAPELYHKMLVVGGI
K391	KMVSGMVKHITGSYK
T394	SGMVKHITGSYKVTY
Y411	DGPEGQAYDVDFTPP
N423	TPPFRRINMVEELEK
K430	NMVEELEKALGMKLP
K435	LEKALGMKLPETNLF
N440	GMKLPETNLFETEET
K449	FETEETRKILDDICV
K507	LAKWHRSKEGLTERF
K520	RFELFVMKKEICNAY
K521	FELFVMKKEICNAYT
T587	DRVAMFLTDSNNIKE
K593	LTDSNNIKEVLLFPA
K606	PAMKPEDKKENVATT
T615	ENVATTDTLESTTVG
S618	ATTDTLESTTVGTSV
T619	TTDTLESTTVGTSV_
G622	TLESTTVGTSV____
S624	ESTTVGTSV______

	mouse
-	gap
K30	KRRLKAEKKLAEKEA
N48	ELSEKQLNQTASAPN
-	gap
K76-u	LDPNQYYkIRSQAVQ
K86	SQAVQQLKVTGEDPY
K125-u	HLTDVTLkVAGRIHA
K139	AKRASGGKLIFYDLR
S205	PQEITLLSPCLHMLP
K247-u	QKFIVRSkIITYIRS
K303-u	IAPELYHkMLVVGGI
K361-u	KMLSGMVkSITGSYK
T364	SGMVkSITGSYKITY
Y381-p	DGPEGQAyEVDFTPP
S393-p	TPPFRRIsMVEELEK
K400	sMVEELEKALGVkLP
K405-u	LEKALGVkLPETsLF
S410-p	GVkLPETsLFETEET
K419-u	FETEETRkILDDICV
K477-a	LAKWHRSkEGLTERF
K490-u	RFELFVMkkEICNAY
K491-u	FELFVMkkEICNAYT
T557-p	DRLTMFLtDSNNIkE
K563-u	LtDSNNIkEVLLFPA
K576-u	PAMKPEDkKETAATT
T585-p	ETAATTEtPEstEAs
S588-p	ATTEtPEstEAsPsV
T589-p	TTEtPEstEAsPsV_
S592-p	tPEstEAsPsV____
S594-p	EstEAsPsV______

	rat
-	gap
K59	KRRLKAEKKLAEKEA
N77	ELSEKQLNQTTAAAA
T80	EKQLNQTTAAAATNH
K107	LDPNQYYKIRSQAVQ
K117	SQAVQQLKVSGEDPY
K156	HLTDITLKVAGRIHA
K170	AKRASGGKLIFYDLR
S236	PREMTLLSPCLHMLP
K278	QKFIIRSKIITYIRS
K334	IAPELYHKMLVVGGI
R392	KMLSGMVRSITGSYK
T395	SGMVRSITGSYKITY
Y412	DGPEGQAYEIDFTPP
S424	TPPFRRISMVEELEK
K431	SMVEELEKVLGVKLP
K436	LEKVLGVKLPETSLF
S441	GVKLPETSLFETEET
K450	FETEETRKILDDICV
K508	LAKWHRCKEGLTERF
K521	RFELFVMKKEICNAY
K522	FELFVMKKEICNAYT
T588	DRVTMFLTDSNNIKE
K594	LTDSNNIKEVLLFPA
K607	PAMKPEDKKETATAT
T616	ETATATETPESTEAS
S619	TATETPESTEASPSV
T620	ATETPESTEASPSV_
S623	TPESTEASPSV____
S625	ESTEASPSV______

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