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insulin (human)

Overview insulin Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. Heterodimer of a B chain and an A chain linked by two disulfide bonds. Belongs to the insulin family. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB. Protein type: Secreted; Hormone; Secreted, signal peptide Cellular Component: extracellular space; Golgi lumen; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; extracellular region; secretory granule Molecular Function: insulin-like growth factor receptor binding; protein binding; protease binding; hormone activity; insulin receptor binding Biological Process: positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; glucose homeostasis; positive regulation of vasodilation; activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor; positive regulation of glucose import; negative regulation of protein oligomerization; regulation of protein localization; cell-cell signaling; negative regulation of gluconeogenesis; acute-phase response; regulation of transmembrane transporter activity; negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity; positive regulation of mitosis; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity; activation of protein kinase B; negative regulation of acute inflammatory response; glucose metabolic process; positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process; positive regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation; positive regulation of cell growth; positive regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; negative regulation of protein catabolic process; regulation of amino acid metabolic process; positive regulation of cell differentiation; negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process; negative regulation of apoptosis; wound healing; positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process; glucose transport; regulation of protein secretion; positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade; regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; negative regulation of vasodilation; negative regulation of lipid catabolic process; positive regulation of cell proliferation; negative regulation of proteolysis; negative regulation of protein secretion; MAPKKK cascade; alpha-beta T cell activation; negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process; endocrine pancreas development; G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade; fatty acid homeostasis; positive regulation of glycolysis; insulin receptor signaling pathway; energy reserve metabolic process; positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; regulation of insulin secretion; positive regulation of DNA replication; positive regulation of cell migration; positive regulation of cytokine secretion Reference #:  P01308 (UniProtKB) Alt. Names/Synonyms: ins; insulin; insulin (A chain, B chain) Gene Symbols: INS Molecular weight: 11,981 Da Basal Isoelectric point: 5.22  Predict pI for various phosphorylation states CST Pathways:  AMPK Signaling Protein-Specific Antibodies or siRNAs from Cell Signaling Technology®

Select Structure to View Below insulin 1A7F - A=90-110 B=25-53 (human) 1AI0 - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 1AIY - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 1B9E - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 1BEN - A/C=31-51 D/B=1-30 (human) 1EFE - A=90-110 (human) 1EV3 - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 1EV6 - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 1EVR - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 1FU2 - A/E/C/G=90-110 F/B/H/D=25-54 (human) 1FUB - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 1G7A - A/E/C/G=87-107 F/B/H/D=25-54 (human) 1G7B - A/E/C/G=87-107 F/B/H/D=25-54 (human) 1GUJ - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 1HIQ - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 1HIS - A=90-110 B=25-49 (human) 1HIT - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 1HLS - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 1HTV - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-51 (human) 1HUI - A=90-110 B=26-53 (human) 1IOG - A=90-110 B=26-53 (human) 1IOH - A=90-110 B=26-53 (human) 1J73 - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 1JCA - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 1JCO - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 1K3M - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 1KMF - A=87-107 B=25-54 (human) 1LKQ - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 1LPH - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 1MHI - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 1MHJ - A=90-110 B=25-48 (human) 1MSO - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 1OS3 - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 1OS4 - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 1QIY - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 1QIZ - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 1QJ0 - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 1RWE - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 1SF1 - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 1SJT - A=90-110 B=25-53 (human) 1SJU - A=25-110 (human) 1T0C - A=57-87 (human) 1T1K - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 1T1P - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 1T1Q - A=1-21 B=25-54 (human) 1TRZ - A/C=31-51 D/B=25-54 (human) 1TYL - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 1TYM - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 1UZ9 - A=90-110 B=25-53 (human) 1VKT - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 1W8P - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 1XDA - A/E/C/G=90-110 F/B/H/D=25-53 (human) 1XGL - A=31-51 B=1-30 (human) 1XW7 - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 1ZEG - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 1ZEH - A/C=31-51 D/B=25-54 (human) 1ZNJ - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 2AIY - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 2C8Q - A=90-110 B=25-53 (human) 2C8R - A=90-110 B=25-53 (human) 2CEU - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-49 (human) 2H67 - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2HH4 - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2HHO - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2HIU - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2JMN - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2JUM - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2JUU - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2JUV - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2JV1 - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2JZQ - A=90-110 (human) 2K91 - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2K9R - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2KJJ - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2KJU - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2KQP - A=25-110 (human) 2KQQ - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2KXK - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2L1Y - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2L1Z - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2LGB - A=90-110 B=25-55 (human) 2M1D - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2M1E - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2M2M - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2M2N - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2M2O - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2M2P - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2OLY - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 2OLZ - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 2OM0 - S/a/K/E/1/k/g/e/c/I/G/U/Q/C/i/A/3/X=90-110 T/d/2/Y/j/J/B/H/b/D/F/V/h/L/f/l/4/R=25-54 (human) 2OM1 - S/a/K/E/1/k/g/e/c/I/G/U/Q/C/i/A/3/X=90-110 T/d/2/Y/j/J/B/H/b/D/F/V/h/L/f/l/4/R=25-54 (human) 2OMG - A/C/E=90-110 F/D/B=25-54 (human) 2OMH - A/C/E=90-110 F/D/B=25-54 (human) 2OMI - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 2QIU - A/C=89-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 2R34 - A/C=89-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 2R35 - A/C=89-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 2R36 - A/C=89-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 2RN5 - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2VJZ - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 2VK0 - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 2WBY - C/E=90-109 F/D=25-43 (human) 2WC0 - C/E=90-110 F/D=25-54 (human) 2WRU - A=90-110 B=25-50 (human) 2WRV - A=90-110 B=25-50 (human) 2WRW - A=90-110 B=25-50 (human) 2WRX - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 2WS0 - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2WS1 - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 2WS4 - A=90-110 B=25-50 (human) 2WS6 - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 2WS7 - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-50 (human) 3AIY - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 3BRR - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 3BXQ - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 3E7Y - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-53 (human) 3E7Z - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-53 (human) 3EXX - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 3FQ9 - A/C=91-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 3HYD - A=35-41 (human) 3I3Z - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 3I40 - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 3ILG - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 3INC - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 3IR0 - S/F/N/Y/L/J/W/P/B/H/D/U=25-54 T/K/E/V/M/C/A/O/X/R/I/G=90-110 (human) 3JSD - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 3KQ6 - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 3P2X - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 3P33 - A/E/C/G=90-110 F/B/H/D=25-54 (human) 3Q6E - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 3ROV - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 3TT8 - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 3U4N - A=90-110 B=25-53 (human) 3UTQ - C=15-24 (human) 3UTS - H/C=15-24 (human) 3UTT - H/C=15-24 (human) 3V19 - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 3V1G - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 3W11 - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 3W12 - A=90-110 B=25-50 (human) 3W13 - A=90-110 B=25-50 (human) 3ZI3 - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 3ZQR - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 3ZS2 - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 3ZU1 - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4AIY - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human) 4AJX - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-53 (human) 4AJZ - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-53 (human) 4AK0 - A=90-110 B=25-53 (human) 4AKJ - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-53 (human) 4EFX - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-52 (human) 4EWW - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4EWX - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4EWZ - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4EX0 - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4EX1 - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4EXX - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4EY1 - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4EY9 - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4EYD - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4EYN - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4EYP - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4F0N - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4F0O - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4F1A - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4F1B - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4F1C - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4F1D - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4F1F - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4F1G - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4F4T - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4F4V - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4F51 - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4FKA - A/C=90-110 D/B=25-54 (human) 4IUZ - A=90-110 B=25-54 (human) 5AIY - A/K/E/C/I/G=90-110 F/J/B/H/D/L=25-54 (human)

STRING  |  Scansite  |  Phospho.ELM  |  Pfam  |  RCSB PDB 1A7F 1AI0 1AIY 1B9E 1BEN 1EFE 1EV3 1EV6 1EVR 1FU2 1FUB 1G7A 1G7B 1GUJ 1HIQ 1HIS 1HIT 1HLS 1HTV 1HUI 1IOG 1IOH 1J73 1JCA 1JCO 1K3M 1KMF 1LKQ 1LPH 1MHI 1MHJ 1MSO 1OS3 1OS4 1Q4V 1QIY 1QIZ 1QJ0 1RWE 1SF1 1SJT 1SJU 1T0C 1T1K 1T1P 1T1Q 1TRZ 1TYL 1TYM 1UZ9 1VKT 1W8P 1XDA 1XGL 1XW7 1ZEG 1ZEH 1ZNJ 2AIY 2C8Q 2C8R 2CEU 2G54 2G56 2H67 2HH4 2HHO 2HIU 2JMN 2JUM 2JUU 2JUV 2JV1 2JZQ 2K91 2K9R 2KJJ 2KJU 2KQP 2KQQ 2KXK 2L1Y 2L1Z 2LGB 2M1D 2M1E 2M2M 2M2N 2M2O 2M2P 2OLY 2OLZ 2OM0 2OM1 2OMG 2OMH 2OMI 2QIU 2R34 2R35 2R36 2RN5 2VJZ 2VK0 2W44 2WBY 2WC0 2WRU 2WRV 2WRW 2WRX 2WS0 2WS1 2WS4 2WS6 2WS7 3AIY 3BRR 3BXQ 3E7Y 3E7Z 3EXX 3FQ9 3HYD 3I3Z 3I40 3ILG 3INC 3IR0 3JSD 3KQ6 3P2X 3P33 3Q6E 3ROV 3TT8 3U4N 3UTQ 3UTS 3UTT 3V19 3V1G 3W11 3W12 3W13 3ZI3 3ZQR 3ZS2 3ZU1 4AIY 4AJX 4AJZ 4AK0 4AKJ 4EFX 4EWW 4EWX 4EWZ 4EX0 4EX1 4EXX 4EY1 4EY9 4EYD 4EYN 4EYP 4F0N 4F0O 4F1A 4F1B 4F1C 4F1D 4F1F 4F1G 4F4T 4F4V 4F51 4FKA 4IUZ 5AIY  |  ENZYME  |  Phospho3D  |  DISEASE  |  Source  |  GeneCards  |  UniProtKB  |  Entrez-Gene  |  GenPept  |  Ensembl Gene

	Modification Sites and Domains

	Modification Sites in Parent Protein, Orthologs, and Isoforms

SS  SS: The number of records in which this modification site was determined using site-specific methods. SS methods include amino acid sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, modification site-specific antibodies, specific MS strategies, etc.	MS  MS: The number of records in which this modification site was assigned using ONLY proteomic discovery-mode mass spectrometry.			human
0	1		Y108-p	SLYQLENyCN_____

	mouse
Y108	SLYQLENYCN_____

	rat
Y108	SLYQLENYCN_____

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